Kosovo and Gibraltar have both been admitted into FIFA.
The decision of the congress of football's world governing body means both nations are now entitled to take place in qualifying for the 2018 World Cup.
European regulators UEFA must now find a way to integrate them into the competition.
Kosovo were recently admitted into UEFA.
Earlier, FIFA appointed its first ever female secretary general.
Fatma Samba Diouf Samoura of Senegal works within the United Nations.
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